Từ Nối Nâng Cao – Ms. Laura’s Class
Ms. Laura’s Class · TOEIC Writing

Từ Nối Nâng Cao
Diễn Đạt Học Thuật

Bộ từ nối và cấu trúc thay thế cho các liên từ cơ bản (This is because, If, When, By) — giúp bài viết Task 2 & Task 3 trở nên tự nhiên và học thuật hơn.

10Nhóm chủ đề
40+Cấu trúc
2Bài luận mẫu
01
Thời gian & bối cảnh
Time Order · Mở rộng cho “When”

Dùng để mô tả sự việc theo trình tự hoặc thiết lập mốc thời gian, bối cảnh cho luận điểm.

After that / Later
Sau đó
We had dinner at a restaurant. After that, we went to the cinema.
Meanwhile
Trong khi đó
The teacher was lecturing. Meanwhile, the students were taking notes.
While / Whilst
Trong khi (thường chỉ sự tương phản nhẹ hoặc song song)
While some people prefer living in cities, others enjoy the countryside.
As
Khi, trong lúc
As the population grows, the demand for housing increases.
Once
Một khi
Once the project is completed, it will benefit the whole community.
Whenever
Bất cứ khi nào
Whenever there is an economic crisis, unemployment rates rise.
By the time
Cho đến lúc
By the time they arrive, the meeting will have finished.
02
Bổ sung ý tưởng
Addition of Ideas

Nhóm này dùng để thêm ý mới hoặc ý tương tự vào luận điểm vừa nêu.

Furthermore / Moreover / In addition
Hơn thế nữa / Thêm vào đó
The hotel is very cheap. Furthermore, it is close to the beach.
Also / And
Cũng / Và
He is intelligent, and he is also very hardworking.
Similarly / Likewise
Tương tự như vậy
Cars cause pollution. Similarly, motorbikes negatively affect air quality.
03
Tương phản & ý kiến đối lập
Contrast & Opposite Idea

Dùng để đưa ra ý kiến trái chiều hoặc nhượng bộ.

However / On the other hand
Tuy nhiên / Mặt khác
The salary is good. However, the working hours are too long.
But
Nhưng
It is an old car, but it runs very smoothly.
In contrast / Conversely
Ngược lại, trái lại
Northern areas are cold. In contrast, southern regions are very hot.
Although / Even though
Mặc dù (+ Mệnh đề)
Although it rained heavily, the football match continued.
Despite / In spite of
Mặc dù (+ Danh từ/V-ing)
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
Instead of (+ V-ing/Noun)
Thay vì
Instead of doing laundry, they should use their free time to relax.
04
Đưa ra ví dụ
Giving an Example
For example / For instance
Ví dụ như
Many animals are endangered. For example, the giant panda is facing extinction.
Such as (+ noun)
Như là
I love eating citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruits.
Including (+ noun)
Bao gồm
Many countries, including Japan and South Korea, face an aging population.
To illustrate this point / Take… as an example
Để minh họa điều này / Lấy… làm ví dụ
To illustrate this point, students who tidy their desks rarely lose their school supplies.
05
Đưa ra nguyên nhân & giải thích lý do
Giving a Reason · Mở rộng cho “This is because”

Thay vì lặp lại This is because, dùng các cấu trúc mang tính học thuật cao hơn để giải thích nguyên nhân của vấn đề vừa nhắc đến ở câu trước.

Cấu trúc cơ bản
Because / Since / As
Bởi vì (+ Mệnh đề)
She passed the exam because she studied very hard.
Because of / Due to
Bởi vì (+ Danh từ/V-ing)
The flight was delayed due to the heavy snow.
For
Vì
We must leave early, for the train departs at 6 AM.
Cấu trúc học thuật nâng cao
This is due to the fact that…
Điều này là do thực tế là…
Many businesses failed. This is due to the fact that they lacked online presence.
The primary reason for this is…
Lý do chính cho việc này là…
Obesity is rising. The primary reason for this is the consumption of fast food.
This can be explained by…
Điều này có thể được giải thích bằng…
The sea level is rising. This can be explained by global warming.
This stems from…
Điều này bắt nguồn từ…
Teenagers often feel stressed. This stems from high academic expectations.
06
Chỉ hệ quả & kết quả
Giving a Result
Therefore / Thus / Consequently
Vì vậy, do đó
He didn’t prepare for the interview. Therefore, he failed to get the job.
As a result
Kết quả là
It rained all morning. As a result, the outdoor event was canceled.
So
Nên, vì vậy
The store was closed, so we went back home.
Leading to / Resulting in
Dẫn đến / Gây ra kết quả là (+ Danh từ/V-ing)
Global warming is melting ice caps, leading to higher sea levels.
This means that…
Điều này có nghĩa là…
Children move out for college. This means that knowing how to cook and clean is essential.
07
Tóm tắt & kết luận
Adding a Conclusion

Thường dùng ở đầu đoạn kết luận để chốt lại vấn đề.

In conclusion / To conclude
Kết luận lại
In conclusion, early childhood education is vital for a child’s development.
To summarize / To sum up / In brief
Tóm lại
To sum up, the plan has both benefits and drawbacks.
All in all
Nói chung, nhìn chung
All in all, it was a very successful conference.
For these reasons
Vì những lý do này
For these reasons, I strongly support the new government policy.
It is clear that… / You can see that…
Rõ ràng là…
It is clear that pollution is a serious global issue.
These examples show that…
Những ví dụ này cho thấy…
These examples show that hard work usually pays off.
Not only… but also…
Không những… mà còn…
It not only builds their independence but also teaches them empathy.
Ultimately, …
Cuối cùng, xét cho cùng
Ultimately, doing chores helps children form organized habits.
08
Nhóm điều kiện
Mở rộng cho “If”

Giúp đưa ra giả định, điều kiện hoặc giới hạn của một sự việc.

Unless
Trừ khi (= If not)
You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.
Provided that / Providing that
Miễn là, với điều kiện là
People can work from home provided that they have a stable internet connection.
As long as
Miễn là
As long as you follow the rules, you will be safe.
In case
Phòng khi, trong trường hợp
Bring an umbrella in case it rains.
Whether… or…
Cho dù… hay…
Whether you like it or not, technology is changing our lives.
09
Nhóm cách thức / phương pháp
Mở rộng cho “By”

Dùng để giải thích “làm thế nào” để đạt được một kết quả hoặc giải quyết một vấn đề. Thường đi với V-ing hoặc danh từ.

Through (+ Noun)
Thông qua
Students can improve their skills through daily practice.
Via (+ Noun)
Qua, thông qua (thường dùng cho phương tiện, công nghệ)
The information was sent via email.
By means of (+ Noun/V-ing)
Bằng cách, nhờ vào
They communicated by means of sign language.
In this way, …
Bằng cách này (thường đứng đầu câu để nối ý với câu trước)
Governments should tax junk food. In this way, people will eat healthier.
10
Bài luận mẫu minh họa
Speaking & Writing Q11 · Housekeeping skills for children

Hai bài luận đối lập cùng một đề bài, cho thấy cách các từ nối ở trên được sử dụng thật trong ngữ cảnh học thuật. Từ nối được in đậm.

YES — Nên dạy con việc nhà NO — Nên tập trung học tập

Bài mẫu 1 — Opinion: Yes, it is extremely important.

Topic: Is it important for parents to teach their children housekeeping skills?

IntroductionThese days, what essential skills children should learn at home has become a topic of interest. While some people believe that kids should only focus on their academic studies, I strongly agree that parents must teach their children housekeeping skills for three main reasons.

Body 1 — Độc lập & kỹ năng sinh tồnFirst of all, learning household chores is highly advantageous because it builds independence and self-reliance. This is because when children grow up and move out for college or work, they will not have their parents to cook or clean for them. This means that knowing how to do the laundry, wash dishes, and prepare basic meals is absolutely essential for daily survival. Take my older brother as an example. When he studied abroad in Australia, he never struggled with his daily life because my mother had taught him how to do all the housework since high school. As a result, mastering these basic life skills allows children to live confidently on their own.

Body 2 — Trách nhiệm & sự thấu cảmSecondly, doing housekeeping plays an important role in teaching children about family responsibility and empathy. If parents do everything, children might take their parents’ hard work for granted and become lazy. By assigning simple chores like taking out the trash or sweeping the floor, parents help kids understand the effort required to maintain a comfortable home. For instance, after being asked to clean the bathroom every weekend, my younger sister started to respect my mother’s daily efforts much more and stopped making a mess in the living room. Therefore, sharing housework assists youngsters in developing a grateful and caring attitude.

Body 3 — Tổ chức & quản lý thời gianFinally, organizing a house provides great benefits for a child’s time and money management skills. This is because keeping a living space neat and tidy helps people find their belongings quickly and prevents items from being damaged. When children know how to organize their bedrooms, they can apply this logical thinking to their schoolwork as well. To illustrate this point, students who regularly tidy their desks rarely lose their school supplies, which saves their parents money from buying replacements. Ultimately, doing chores helps children (to) form organized habits that guarantee future success.

ConclusionIn conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe that teaching children how to do housework is extremely important. It not only builds their independence and teaches them empathy, but also helps them develop excellent organizational habits.

Bài mẫu 2 — Opinion: No, children should focus on studying instead.

Topic: Is it important for parents to teach their children housekeeping skills?

IntroductionThese days, what essential skills children should learn at home has become a topic of interest. While some people believe that kids must learn how to do household chores, I strongly disagree with this idea. In my opinion, parents should let their children focus entirely on their studies and personal growth for three main reasons.

Body 1 — Áp lực học hànhFirst of all, forcing children to do housework is disadvantageous because it takes away their valuable study time. This is because the modern education system is highly competitive, and students have to finish a huge amount of homework every day. This means that if they spend hours cleaning the floor or washing dishes, they will not have enough time to prepare for important exams. Take my cousin as an example. Since he is aiming for a top medical university, his parents do all the chores so that he can spend 100% of his time studying advanced science. As a result, prioritizing education allows students to achieve better academic results for their future careers.

Body 2 — Sức khỏe tinh thần & giải tríSecondly, avoiding housework plays an important role in protecting a child’s mental health and preventing burnout. If children have to do heavy chores after a long, exhausting day at school, they will feel extremely tired and stressed. Instead of doing laundry, they should use their free time to relax, play sports, or develop personal talents like drawing and playing music. For instance, a student who spends his evening playing soccer with friends will feel much happier and healthier than a student who is forced to scrub the kitchen. Therefore, having free time assists youngsters in maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

Body 3 — Xu hướng công nghệFinally, learning housekeeping skills is becoming less necessary due to the rapid development of smart technology. This is because modern families can now easily rely on machines to do manual tasks faster and cleaner. When we have robot vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, and washing machines, human labor for chores is no longer a core survival skill. To illustrate this point, instead of teaching my younger brother how to wash clothes by hand, my father taught him how to use a computer to program a smart home system. Ultimately, modern technology helps children (to) focus on learning advanced digital skills rather than outdated manual labor.

ConclusionIn conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe that teaching children housekeeping skills is not very important nowadays. Instead of wasting time on manual chores, parents should allow their kids to focus on their education, enjoy their hobbies, and learn modern technology.

Ms. Laura’s Class — TOEIC Writing Từ nối nâng cao · Task 2 & Task 3